The following code example is taken from the book
C++ Templates - The Complete Guide, 2nd Edition
by David Vandevoorde, Nicolai M. Josuttis, and Douglas Gregor,
Addison-Wesley, 2017
© Copyright David Vandevoorde, Nicolai M. Josuttis, Douglas Gregor 2017
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
template<typename T, typename Cont = std::vector<T>>
class Stack {
private:
Cont elems; // elements
public:
Stack () = default;
Stack (T elem) // initialize stack with one element
: elems({elem}) { // by value to decay on class tmpl arg deduction
}
void push(T const& elem); // push element
void pop(); // pop element
T const& top() const; // return top element
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty
return elems.empty();
}
};
template<typename T, typename Cont>
void Stack<T,Cont>::push (T const& elem)
{
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem
}
template<typename T, typename Cont>
void Stack<T,Cont>::pop ()
{
assert(!elems.empty());
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element
}
template<typename T, typename Cont>
T const& Stack<T,Cont>::top () const
{
assert(!elems.empty());
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element
}